算法價格歧視的反壟斷法規制路徑
網絡安全與數據治理 6期
王聚興,李晗
(中國社會科學院大學法學院,北京100083)
摘要: 面對算法價格歧視可能產生的負面效果,可以通過類型化分析的方式提出針對性的規制路徑。以經營者是否濫用定價算法為標準,可以將其分為理性式算法價格歧視與壟斷式算法價格歧視,其中后者產生了一定的負面效果,有必要予以規制。根據實施壟斷式算法價格歧視行為的主體多寡,可以細分為單獨壟斷式算法價格歧視與共謀壟斷式算法價格歧視。前者的規制困境主要在于經營者“市場支配地位”的認定,對此可將經營者的數據優勢作為推定其具有市場支配地位的重要依據;后者的規制困境主要在于競爭者“合意”的認定,對此可通過“本身違法原則”或“合理推定原則”予以解決。此外,自主類算法不存在競爭者之間的合意,只能通過“濫用市場支配地位”的規制路徑予以規制。
中圖分類號:DF4
文獻標識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.06.001
引用格式:王聚興,李晗.算法價格歧視的反壟斷法規制路徑[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2023,42(6):1-8,29.
文獻標識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.06.001
引用格式:王聚興,李晗.算法價格歧視的反壟斷法規制路徑[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2023,42(6):1-8,29.
Anti-monopoly law regulation path of algorithmic price discrimination
Wang Juxing, Li Han
(School of Law, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100083, China)
Abstract: In the face of the possible negative effects of algorithmic price discrimination, we can put forward targeted regulatory paths through typological analysis. According to whether the operator abuses the pricing algorithm, it can be divided into rational algorithm price discrimination and monopolistic algorithm price discrimination, of which the latter has a certain negative effect and it is necessary to regulate it. According to the number of subjects who implement monopolistic algorithm price discrimination, it can be subdivided into single monopolistic algorithm price discrimination and collusion monopolistic algorithm price discrimination. The former′s regulatory dilemma mainly lies in the determination of the operator′s "market dominance", for which the operator′s data advantage can be taken as an important basis for inferring its market dominance; The regulatory dilemma of the latter mainly lies in the identification of competitors′ "agreement", which can be solved by "se rule" or "reasonable presumption principle". In addition, there is no agreement between competitors in autonomous algorithms, and they can only be regulated through the regulation path of "abusing market dominance".
Key words : digital economy; pricing algorithm; price discrimination; market dominance; algorithm collusion
0 引言
個性化定價是經營者基于差別定價理論而實施的一種價格策略,與統一價格相比,其可能增加、減少社會整體福利,或使社會整體福利保持不變。唯一確定的結論是:個性化定價增加了經營者剩余(否則經營者無需實施個性化定價行為)。在傳統經濟時代,由于信息不對稱等原因,經營者實施的個性化定價行為表現為身份折扣、批量折扣、老用戶折扣、新用戶優惠、高峰定價、時間折扣等,經濟學家將這些行為稱為“三級價格歧視”或“二級價格歧視”,由于這種規則是公開、透明的,尚且能夠被消費者感知并接受;此外,這種個性化定價行為往往為消費者帶來了一定福利,實現了經營者與消費者的雙贏。但如果具有市場支配地位的經營者對其他經營者實施個性化定價,很可能會產生限制市場競爭的效果,經營者極易被認定為濫用市場支配性地位而受到《反壟斷法》規制。故而,在傳統經濟時代,《反壟斷法》規制的個性化定價行為主要是“經營者與經營者”之間的行為。
本文詳細內容請下載:http://www.viuna.cn/resource/share/2000005366
作者信息:
王聚興,李晗
(中國社會科學院大學法學院,北京100083)
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