計算主義:我國法學量化研究的現實譜系*
網絡安全與數據治理 7期
張芷維,馬佳羽
(1.清華大學智能法治研究院,北京100084; 2.哈爾濱工程大學人文社會科學學院,黑龍江哈爾濱150001; 3.中國政法大學法治信息管理學院,北京100088)
摘要: “法學量化研究”以“計算主義”為認識論基礎,作為計算法學的研究范式之一,“法學量化研究”的學理表達不能被法學實證研究所兼并或同化,必須從模糊的學術話語體系中抽離予以單獨識別。以2016年~2022年我國主要法學期刊發表的法學量化研究為研究樣本,可以大體“繪制”出我國“法學量化研究”的現實譜系。就研究主體而言,我國法學量化研究的主要學術機構呈現“核心—發散”的分布特征,“核心”仍是主流。就研究疆域而言,我國法學量化研究所涉領域逐漸多元,但仍呈現“一家獨大”的局面。就研究歸旨而言,我國“法學量化研究”承載了“三位一體”的學理功能,包括“事實層”的“法律系統描述(司法現象挖掘)”功能;“規范/制度層”的解釋(教義)、檢視(法實效)、修正與建構功能;“理論層”的檢視(證偽與效驗)、修正(再造)與創造功能。這三個功能并非彼此割裂,而是憑借其內部的“自驅和共生”機制,形成了法學量化研究的良性功能互動機制。面向未來的法學量化研究應以“計算法學”為學科歸屬,一方面強化與社科法學和法教義學的方法論互動,另一方面需要內化其他社會科學的知識以紓解“知識聯結之困”。
中圖分類號:D920.0
文獻標識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.07.003
引用格式:張芷維,馬佳羽.計算主義:我國法學量化研究的現實譜系[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2023,42(7):12-22,30.
文獻標識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.07.003
引用格式:張芷維,馬佳羽.計算主義:我國法學量化研究的現實譜系[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2023,42(7):12-22,30.
Computationalism: the realistic ancestry of legal quantitative research in China
Zhang Zhiwei1,2, Ma Jiayu1,3
(1.Institute for Studies on Artificial Intelligence and Law,Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2.College of Humanities and Socail Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; 3.School of Information Management for Law,China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China )
Abstract: As one of the research paradigms of computational law science, legal quantitative research is based on computationalism, its academic expression cannot be merged or assimilated by legal empirical research. It must be separated from the vague academic discourse system and identified separately. Taking the legal quantitative research published in China′s major legal journals from 2016 to 2022 as the research sample, we can generally draw the realistic ancestry of legal quantitative research in China. In terms of the research subject, the main academic institutions of legal quantitative research in China present the distribution characteristics of "CoreDivergence", and the "Core" is still the mainstream. As far as the research territory is concerned, the subject of legal quantitative research is gradually diversified, and yet still presents a situation of "One Dominance". While in the research purpose, China′s legal quantitative research carries the theoretical function of "Threeoneness", including the function of legal fact description (judicial phenomenon mining); the interpretation (doctrine), examination ( legal effect ), correction and construction function of principle ; the inspection (falsification and validation), correction (reconstruction) and creative function of theoretical aspect. These three functions are not separated from each other, but form a benign functional interaction mechanism of legal quantitative research by virtue of its internal "selfdriving and symbiosis" mechanism. The futureoriented legal quantitative research should take "computational law science" as the discipline conversion. On one hand, it would strengthen the methodological interaction with social science law and legal dogmatics. On the other hand, it needs to internalize the knowle
Key words : computational law science; legal quantitative research; legal empirical research; theoretical function; paradigm transformation
0 引言
法學量化研究以“計算主義”認識論為哲學基礎,以計算方法展開法律大數據分析,屬于“計算法學”的研究范式之一。美國著名大法官霍姆斯曾說:“對于理性法學研究來說,主流的做法是對法律進行‘白紙黑字’的解讀,而將來的法學研究必將屬于那些精通統計學和經濟學的人”,這種見解或可成為法學量化研究之嚆矢。實證或量化研究是新興的法學研究手段,因此國內外許多學者從文獻分析的角度,審視了學界實證(量化)研究的現狀。
在國外,2011年邁克爾·海斯(Michael Heise)教授在West Law法學期刊數據庫中,通過檢索標題中含有“實證”(empirical)或“定量”(quantitative)或“統計”(statistical)或“回歸”(regression)等關鍵詞的文章(1990年~2009年),考察了當時美國法學界中實證研究(量化研究)的狀況。在國內,2015年程金華曾以中國知網為檢索平臺,設置檢索時間期限為1979年~2015年,對標題中包含“實證”的、刊發于32個法學核心期刊的文章進行了大數據(樣本)分析。類似地,屈茂輝、雷鑫洪、趙駿等學者也運用了此類方法進行了研究。
本文將采取類似的“文獻分析法”,對我國法學量化研究按照如下路徑進行譜系化梳理:范疇厘定—樣本擇取—研究主體—研究疆域—研究歸旨。
本文詳細內容請下載:http://www.viuna.cn/resource/share/2000005415
作者信息:
張芷維1,2,馬佳羽1,3
(1.清華大學智能法治研究院,北京100084;2.哈爾濱工程大學人文社會科學學院,黑龍江哈爾濱150001;3.中國政法大學法治信息管理學院,北京100088)
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